Axial strain is uniform across a nonhomogeneous cross section.

Axial stress is uniform across a nonhomogeneous cross section.

The formula can be used for finding the stress on a cross section of a tapered axial member.

The formula can be used for finding the deformation of a segment of a tapered axial member.

The formula can be used for finding the stress on a cross section of an axial member subjected to distributed forces.

The formula can be used for finding the deformation of a segment of an axial member subjected to distributed forces.

The equation cannot be used for nonlinear materials.

The equation can be used for a nonhomogeneous cross section.

External axial forces must be colinear and pass through the centroid of a homogeneous cross section for no bending to occur.

Internal axial forces jump by the value of the concentrated external axial force at a section.